![]() Then, the occurrence number of both IC and CG discharges can be used for calculating a more accurate estimation of the total lightning currents in the global electric circuit. The regional dependence of Z‐ratio derived from this study can be combined with the CG lightning data provided by the ground‐based lightning detection networks to estimate the occurrence number of IC discharges. The estimated Z‐ratio varies from 2.9–0.29 from the equator to 50° latitude, and the global mean value is 1.6. We also found that the Z‐ratio significantly decreases with the latitude, which is generally comparable to the results shown in the previous studies. It is found that the Z‐ratio over the continental area is larger than the oceanic area. From this result, we calculated the Z‐ratio over many regions around the world and estimated its latitudinal and regional dependences. We analyzed 8,354 lightning events that obtained by JEM‐GLIMS observation and succeeded in identifying 4,431 IC discharges, 597 +CG discharges, and 3,326 −CG discharges. Therefore, using optical data obtained by the Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM‐GLIMS), we distinguished the lightning discharge type, that is, IC, positive CG (+CG), and negative CG (−CG) discharges, and statistically estimated the Z‐ratio. However, the latitudinal and regional dependences of Z‐ratio are not fully clarified. The occurrence ratio of intracloud (IC) to cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges, which is denoted by Z‐ratio, is the crucial parameter for the studies on the global electric circuit.
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